Table of contents
1. Introduction................................................................................................3
2. Laboratory Equipment...............................................................................5
3. Experimental Procedures..........................................................................9
4. Variables in Experimental Design.............................................................11
5. Handling Biological Specimens.................................................................12
6. Data Analysis.............................................................................................14
7. Safety Precautions in the Laboratory.........................................................16
8. Experimental Design in Biology..................................................................18
9. Revising Key Biological Concepts..............................................................20
10. Reviewing Past Papers Mark Schemes......................................................22

O Level Biology 5090 Paper 3 Essentials
As an O level for Biology 5090 paper (practical), there are several essentials that you should.
Here are some key points to keep in mind:
1. Familiarize yourself with the laboratory equipment: Make sure you are aware of the
different types of laboratory equipment commonly used in biology experiments, such as
microscopes, test tubes, pipettes, and petri dishes. Understand their functions and how to
use them correctly.
2. Understand experimental procedures: Be familiar with the steps involved in conducting
various experiments, such as preparing solutions, measuring and recording data, and
following safety protocols. Practice these procedures beforehand to ensure you are
comfortable with them during the exam.
3. Know how to handle biological specimens: Understand how to handle and prepare
biological specimens for observation or analysis. This includes techniques such as
staining, mounting, and dissecting specimens.
4. Understand data analysis: Be able to interpret and analyze data collected during
experiments. This may involve calculating averages, drawing graphs, or identifying trends
and patterns in the data.
5. Be aware of safety precautions: Understand the importance of safety in the laboratory and
be familiar with common safety precautions. This includes wearing appropriate protective
gear, handling chemicals safely, and disposing of waste properly.
6. Practice experimental design: Be able to design and plan experiments based on given
objectives or research questions. This involves identifying variables, controlling variables,
and ensuring the reliability and validity of the experiment.

7. Revise key biological concepts: Ensure you have a good understanding of the key
biological concepts relevant to the practical paper. This may include topics such as cell
structure and function, genetics, ecology, and physiology.
8. Review past papers mark schemes: Familiarize yourself with the format and types of
questions that have been asked in previous practical papers. Review the mark schemes
to understand how answers are graded and what examiners are looking for.
9. Remember to practice as much as possible, both in the laboratory and with past papers,
to build your confidence and improve your practical skills.

Laboratory Equipment
In the field of biology, laboratory equipment plays a crucial role in conducting experiments and
gathering data. It is essential for O level candidates of Biology 5090 paper 3 (practical) to be
familiar with the different types of laboratory equipment commonly used. Understanding their
functions and how to use them correctly is vital for successful experimentation.
1. Microscopes: Microscopes are used to magnify small objects or organisms that are not
visible to the naked eye. There are main types of micro: light microscopes and electron
microscopes. Light microscopes use visible light to illuminate specimens, while electron
microscopes use a beam of electrons. Candidates should know how to properly set up
and focus a microscope, as as how to handle and clean the lenses.

 School laboratory light microscopy
2. Test Tubes Test tubes are cylindrical glass or plastic tubes used to hold and mix small
quantities of liquids. They come in various sizes and can be heated directly over a flame.
Candidates should know how to handle test tubes safely, including using test tube holders
to avoid burns, and how to properly clean and store them.
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3. Pipettes: Pipettes are used to accurately measure and t